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PRQL Quick Reference

37 ready-to-use PRQL code queries, organized in 9 categories — copy them straight into the CppDepend query editor.

How to use this reference

Each query below is a complete, runnable PRQL query. Click Copy to copy a query to your clipboard, paste it into the CppDepend query editor, and run it against your codebase. Use the search box to filter queries by name.

New to the language? Start with the PRQL overview and the Validating PRQL Rules guide.

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Basic Queries

Get my public methods

from m in JustMyCode.Methods where m.IsPublic 
select m

Get my abstract classes

from t in JustMyCode.Types where t.IsAbstract 
select t

Get my generic classes

from t in JustMyCode.Types where t.IsGeneric 
select t

Get all struct definitions

from t in Application.Types where t.IsStructure
select t

Code Implementation Queries

Get complex methods

from m in Methods where m.CyclomaticComplexity>15
select new{m,m.CyclomaticComplexity}

Get big types

from t in Types where t.NbLinesOfCode>500
select new {t,t.NbLinesOfCode}

Get not maintainable methods

from m in JustMyCode.Methods where m.MaintainabilityIndex<40
select new {m,m.MaintainabilityIndex}

Get methods with too many parameters (>5)

warnif count > 0
from m in Application.Methods 
where m.NbParameters > 5 
select new { m, m.NbParameters }

Architecture & C++ Safety Rules

Detect cyclic dependencies between namespaces

warnif count > 0 
from n in Application.Namespaces
where n.DepthOfIsUsing(n) > 0
select new { Namespace = n, CyclicDependencies = n.NamespacesUsed.Where(n2 => n2.DepthOfIsUsing(n) > 0) }

Detect classes with virtual methods missing virtual destructors

warnif count > 0
from t in Application.Types
where t.IsClass && t.Methods.Any(m => m.IsVirtual) && !t.Methods.Any(m => m.IsDestructor && m.IsVirtual)
select new { MissingVirtualDestructorIn = t }

Find public fields using raw pointers

warnif count > 0
from f in Application.Fields
where f.IsPointer && !f.IsConst && f.IsPublic
select new { UnsafePublicPointerField = f }

Detect direct UI access to Low-Level Storage layer

warnif count > 0
let uiMethods = Application.Namespaces.WithNameLike("UI").ChildMethods()
let storageMethods = Application.Namespaces.WithNameLike("Storage").ChildMethods()

from m in uiMethods
where m.IsUsing(storageMethods)
select new { IllegalCallFrom = m, Target = m.MethodsCalled.Intersect(storageMethods) }

Issues & Technical Debt

Get high severity issues

from issue in Issues where issue.Severity==Severity.High
select issue

Get debt of medium issues

from issue in Issues where issue.Severity==Severity.Medium
select new{issue,issue.Debt}

Get issues in public generic methods

from issue in Issues where issue.CodeElement!=null &&
 issue.CodeElement.AsMethod!=null  && issue.CodeElement.AsMethod.IsPublic && issue.CodeElement.AsMethod.IsGeneric 
select new{issue,issue.Debt}

Top 10 code elements with highest technical debt

from issue in Issues 
orderby issue.Debt descending 
select new { issue.CodeElement, issue.Debt, issue.Severity }

Technical debt of most coupled methods

from m in Application.Methods 
where m.NbMethodsCalled > 10 
let debt = m.Issues.Sum(i => i.Debt) 
orderby m.NbMethodsCalled descending 
select new { 
    Method = m, 
    CouplingCount = m.NbMethodsCalled, 
    TotalDebt = debt, 
    IssueCount = m.Issues.Count() 
}

Issues Diff Queries

Get new issues

from issue in Issues where issue.WasAdded()
select new {issue,issue.Debt}

Get fixed issues

from issue in IssuesInBaseline where issue.WasFixed()
select new {issue,issue.Debt}

Get new violated rules

from rule in Rules where rule.IsInNewerIssuesSet() && !rule.IsInOlderIssuesSet()
select rule

Newly introduced high complexity methods in current commit

warnif count > 0
from m in Application.Methods 
where m.WasAdded() && m.CyclomaticComplexity > 10
select new { NewComplexMethod = m, m.CyclomaticComplexity }

Code Design Queries

Get most coupled methods

from m in Methods where m.NbMethodsCalled>10 orderby m.NbMethodsCalled descending
select new{m,m.NbMethodsCalled}

Get not cohesive types

from t in JustMyCode.Types where t.LCOM > 0.8  && 
  t.NbFields > 10 &&   t.NbMethods >10 select t

Get classes with many base classes

from t in Types where t.BaseClasses.Count()>4
select t

Types with excessive Efferent Coupling (>20 used types)

from t in Application.Types 
where t.TypesUsed.Count() > 20 
select new { Type = t, CouplingCount = t.TypesUsed.Count() }

Code Diff Queries

Get added methods

from m in Methods where m.WasAdded()
select m

Get removed public methods

from m in codeBase.OlderVersion().Application.Methods where m.IsPublic && m.WasRemoved()
select m

Get changed generic classes

from t in Types where t.isGeneric &&  t.WasChanged()
select t

Methods where LOC grew significantly (>30 LOC)

warnif count > 0
from m in Application.Methods
where m.IsCodeModified() && (m.NbLinesOfCode - m.OlderVersion().NbLinesOfCode) > 30
select new { m, CurrentLOC = m.NbLinesOfCode, OldLOC = m.OlderVersion().NbLinesOfCode }

Dependencies & API Tracking

Get methods used by complex methods

from m in Methods where m.MethodsCallingMe.Where(m=>m.CyclomaticComplexity>15).Any()
select new{m,m.MethodsCallingMe}

Get methods using complex methods

from m in Methods where m.MethodsCalled.Where(m=>m.CyclomaticComplexity>15).Any()
select new{m,m.MethodsCalled}

Get methods using the Windows API

from m in Methods where m.MethodsCalled.Where(m=>m.ParentProject.Name=="Windows SDK").Any()
select new{m,m.MethodsCalled.Where(m=>m.ParentProject.Name=="Windows SDK")}

Find all methods directly or transitively calling raw allocators (malloc)

let rawAllocators = ThirdParty.Methods.WithSimpleName("malloc")
from m in Application.Methods
where m.DepthOfIsUsing(rawAllocators) >= 1
select new { CallerMethod = m, Depth = m.DepthOfIsUsing(rawAllocators) }

Statistics & Metrics

Get most popular methods

from m in Methods where m.NbMethodsCallingMe>20 orderby m.NbMethodsCallingMe descending 
select new{m,m.NbMethodsCallingMe}

Get most big classes

from t in Types where t.NbLinesOfCode>400 orderby t.NbLinesOfCode 
select new{t,t.NbLinesOfCode}

Get most used classes

from t in Types where t.NbTypesUsingMe>10 orderby t.NbTypesUsingMe 
select new{t,t.TypesUsingMe}

Top 10 dead code candidates (unused private methods)

from m in Application.Methods
where m.IsPrivate && m.NbMethodsCallingMe == 0 && !m.IsMain
select new { UnusedMethod = m, m.NbLinesOfCode }